RIZICI BANKOVNOGA POSLOVANJA : završni rad

Tema ovog rada su rizici bankovnoga poslovanja. Banka koja je obrađivana u ovom radu je Privredna banka Zagreb d.d. Kroz ovaj rad prikazane su brojne vrste rizika te načini i utjecaj na iste. U radu su obrađeni određeni pokazatelji poslovanja banke. Rezultati su pokazali da je banka poslovala bolje na početku krize, a razvojem krize poslovanje se pogoršavalo. S obzirom na dobivene rezultate može se konstatirati da se može utjecati na rizike u određenim situacijama, ali u vrijeme globalne financijske krize teže je upravljati poslovanjem jedne banke.The theme of this work is the risks of the banking business. The bank that is covered in this work is, Privredna bank Zagreb d.d. Through this work we shown a numerous types of risks and the manner and to the same effect. In the paper we covered a certain indicators of the bank. Results indicators showed that the bank bussiness have perform better when the crisis began, but as the crisis grown the bussiness was also getting worse. Based on the obtained results we can say that it is possible to have control and affect with the risks in certain situations, but at the time with the global crisis that is a little more difficult to manage the operations with a one bank

RIZICI BANKOVNOGA POSLOVANJA : završni rad

Tema ovog rada su rizici bankovnoga poslovanja. Banka koja je obrađivana u ovom radu je Privredna banka Zagreb d.d. Kroz ovaj rad prikazane su brojne vrste rizika te načini i utjecaj na iste. U radu su obrađeni određeni pokazatelji poslovanja banke. Rezultati su pokazali da je banka poslovala bolje na početku krize, a razvojem krize poslovanje se pogoršavalo. S obzirom na dobivene rezultate može se konstatirati da se može utjecati na rizike u određenim situacijama, ali u vrijeme globalne financijske krize teže je upravljati poslovanjem jedne banke.The theme of this work is the risks of the banking business. The bank that is covered in this work is, Privredna bank Zagreb d.d. Through this work we shown a numerous types of risks and the manner and to the same effect. In the paper we covered a certain indicators of the bank. Results indicators showed that the bank bussiness have perform better when the crisis began, but as the crisis grown the bussiness was also getting worse. Based on the obtained results we can say that it is possible to have control and affect with the risks in certain situations, but at the time with the global crisis that is a little more difficult to manage the operations with a one bank

Influence of oral hormonal contraception on the concentration of anti-Müllerian and reproductive hormones in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Aim: To investigate the effects of three-month use of oral hormonal contraception (OHC) on hormonal status and ovarian reserve indicator (anti-Müllerian hormone, AMH) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: 19 patients with diagnosed PCOS and clinical and laboratory signs of hyperandrogenism without additional comorbidities and co-medication were included in the study. All participants received therapy with the same oral hormonal contraceptive (fixed combination of 0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg cyproterone acetate). The main outcomes were the concentrations of reproductive hormones measured before starting therapy and in the first cycle following therapy. Hormone concentrations were analysed using the immunochemical electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) method. Results: Initial concentrations of total and free testosterone and AMH were elevated, while initial concentrations of other reproductive hormones were within reference values. By applying the therapy, the concentrations of AMH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol decreased by more than 20% and those of free testosterone by 85%. The concentration of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) increased by 44%. Conclusions: Three months of oral hormonal contraception with 35 μg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg cyproterone acetate reduced elevated concentrations of AMH and free testosterone in PCOS patients. The decrease in serum AMH concentration indicates a temporary interruption of folliculogenesis as well as the selection of follicles from preantral to antral, and the decrease in androgens has a positive effect on the clinical condition and symptoms of patients with PCOS

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE CONTROLLABLE PARAMETERS IN TURNING OF EN AW-2011 ALLOY; DRY MACHINING AND ALTERNATIVE COOLING TECHNIQUES

The latest trends in machining research show that great efforts are being made to understand the impact of different cooling and lubrication techniques as well as cutting parameters on machining performances. This paper presents the investigation results of different cutting parameters and different cutting environments such as dry machining, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and minimum quantity lubrication with compressed cold air (MQL+CCA) on average surface roughness, cutting force and material removal rate. The experiments were designed based on three input parameters and three different cutting environments when turning of EN AW-2011 alloy. Taguchi-based grey relational analysis was used to identify the optimal process parameters by which minimum values of surface roughness, minimum value of cutting force and maximum value of material removal rate will be achieved. The results showed that minimum quantity lubrication in the stream of compressed cold air, in comparison to dry and minimum quantity lubrication machining, gives the best machining performances. Therefore, the use of MQL + CCA method, which reduces the amount of lubricant may represent in the described extent of turning operations an alternative to turning processes most often carried out by wet method that causes considerable costs for purchasing, maintaining and using cutting fluids

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FACE MILLING ALUMINUM ALLOY EN AW – 2011 T6 USING VARIOUS COOLING TECHNIQUES

The main goal of this paper is to determine the influence of cooling technique on surface roughness during up and down face milling of aluminum alloy EN AW – 2011 T6. Along with dry machining, three cooling techniques were observed: cutting fluid (CF), minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) and cold compressed air (CCA). Thirteen experiments were conducted for each technique. Following the defined plan of the experiment, cutting speed and feed per tooth were varied. An optical profilometer was used to analyze arithmetic deviation of the profile (Ra) and arithmetic mean of the absolute height (Sa). Down milling produced up to 24 % lower Ra and Sa values in comparison to up milling. Increasing feed per tooth greatly increased surface roughness while increasing cutting speed led to a 12 % to 14 % decrease in surface roughness. Using the same cutting parameters, CCA produced the lowest, while CF produced the highest Ra and Sa values. Using the test results and regression analysis, mathematical models were generated allowing for precise Ra and Sa predictions. Optimization of the regression models was carried out with the goal of achieving the lowest surface roughness for each milling strategy and applied cooling technique

Statistical Analysis of the Combined ECAP and Heat Treatment for Recycling Aluminum Chips Without Remelting

The main aim of this paper is to present an environmentally friendly method for aluminum recycling. Development of new recycling technologies in order to increase scrap reuse potential and CO2 emission savings are of the main importance for aluminum circular economy. In this paper, aluminum chips waste was recycled without any remelting phase in order to increase energy and material savings. The presented process is usually called solid state recycling or direct recycling. Solid state recycling process consists of chips cleaning, cold pre-compaction and hot direct extrusion followed by a combination of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and heat treatment. Influence of holding time during solid solution treatment and both artificial aging time and temperature on mechanical properties of the recycled EN AW 6082 aluminum chips were investigated. A comprehensive number of the experiments were performed utilizing design of experiments approach and response surface methodology. Regression models were developed for describe the influence of heat treatment parameters for presented solid state recycling process on mechanical properties of the recycled samples. Utilizing novel procedure high quality recycled samples were obtained with mechanical properties comparable with commercially produced EN AW 6082 aluminum alloy in T6 temper condition. Metallographic analysis of the recycled samples was also performed

Survival of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa in distilled water

Pseudomonas aeruginosa je gram-negativna aerobna bakterija široko rasprostranjena u vodama okoliša. Oportunistički je patogen koji lako preživljava nepovoljne životne uvjete kao što su nedostatak hranjivih tvari. Prema važećim pravilnicima, ova bakterija ne smije biti prisutna u vodi za piće, gotovom proizvodu, kao niti u vodi za kupanje i rekreaciju. Cilj našeg istraživanja je bio utvrditi postoje li razlike u preživljenju ove bakterije obzirom na vrstu vode iz koje je izolirana. Odabrano je 10 izolata P. aeruginosa izoliranih iz raznovrsnih uzoraka voda te se ispitalo njihovo preživljavanje u destiliranoj vodi tijekom 28 dana. Svi izolati su preživjeli tijekom ispitivanog perioda, a najveći postotak preživljenja imao je izolat iz vode brodskog tanka koja je višekratno dezinficirana klornim preparatom. Najmanji postotak preživljenja pokazao je izolat iz boćate vode rijeke Cetine. Prema profilu antibiotske rezistencije utvrđeno je da je upravo ovaj izolat zajedno s onim iz otpadne vode imao neobičan fenotip rezistencije koji ova dva izolata čini bližim kliničkim sojevima. Nove spoznaje o preživljavanju bakterija u nepovoljnim životnim uvjetima dragocjene su u otkrivanju učinkovitih metoda njihovog suzbijanja.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium that is widespread in waters of the environment. It is an opportunistic pathogen easily surviving unfavourable living conditions, such as a lack of nutrients. According to the ordinances in force, this bacterium must not be present in drinking water, finished products or waters for bathing and recreation. The objective of our research was to determine whether there were differences in survival of this bacterium with regard to the water type from which it was isolated. 10 P. aeruginosa isolates were selected from different water samples to test their survival in distilled water during 28 days. All isolates survived during the testing period. The isolate from a ship tank that was multiply disinfected with a chlorine solution had the highest survival rate whereas the isolate from the Cetina River’s brackish water had the lowest survival rate. According to the antibiotic resistance profile, it was determined that exactly this isolate, together with the one from wastewater, had an unusual resistance phenotype that makes these two isolates closer to clinical strains. The new insights into bacterial survival in unfavourable living conditions are invaluable in identifying efficient methods for their suppression

RIZICI BANKOVNOGA POSLOVANJA : završni rad

Tema ovog rada su rizici bankovnoga poslovanja. Banka koja je obrađivana u ovom radu je Privredna banka Zagreb d.d. Kroz ovaj rad prikazane su brojne vrste rizika te načini i utjecaj na iste. U radu su obrađeni određeni pokazatelji poslovanja banke. Rezultati su pokazali da je banka poslovala bolje na početku krize, a razvojem krize poslovanje se pogoršavalo. S obzirom na dobivene rezultate može se konstatirati da se može utjecati na rizike u određenim situacijama, ali u vrijeme globalne financijske krize teže je upravljati poslovanjem jedne banke.The theme of this work is the risks of the banking business. The bank that is covered in this work is, Privredna bank Zagreb d.d. Through this work we shown a numerous types of risks and the manner and to the same effect. In the paper we covered a certain indicators of the bank. Results indicators showed that the bank bussiness have perform better when the crisis began, but as the crisis grown the bussiness was also getting worse. Based on the obtained results we can say that it is possible to have control and affect with the risks in certain situations, but at the time with the global crisis that is a little more difficult to manage the operations with a one bank

Numerical modelling and optimisation of orthogonal cutting of aluminium alloy EN AW 6082 T6

Pri obradi odvajanjem čestica vrijede različite zakonitosti vezane uz ponašanje materijala, toplinu, trenje, elastične i plastične deformacije, brzine deformacija i sl. Mehanizam nastajanja odvojene čestice je prilično složen, što dovodi do jednako složenih teorija i modela koji predstavljaju te teorije. Eksperimentalna ispitivanja su dugotrajna i skupa zbog čega postoji potreba za numeričkim modeliranjem procesa. U radu je, na temelju eksperimentalnih podataka i rezultata dobivenih numeričkim modelima, analizirano ortogonalno rezanje aluminijeve legure EN AW 6082 T6. Regresijskom analizom eksperimentalnih podataka dobiveni su matematički modeli koji opisuju ovisnost sila rezanja i temperature o parametrima obrade. Optimalne vrijednosti brzine rezanja i posmaka dobivene su primjenom genetskog algoritma na temelju postavljenih ograničenja i funkcija cilja. Razmatran je utjecaj ulaznih parametara i numeričkih postavki na predviđanja sila rezanja i temperature u zoni rezanja u numeričkim modelima ortogonalnog rezanja aluminijeve legure EN AW 6082 T6 primjenom spregnute Euler-Lagrangeove formulacije. S ciljem unaprjeđenja numeričkih modela razmatrani su različiti zakoni očvršćivanja te uvjeti dodira između alata i obratka. Razvijeni su vlastiti zakoni očvršćivanja. Različiti zakoni očvršćivanja su implementirani u program za analizu metodom konačnih elemenata. Točnost numeričkih modela ispitana je za široki raspon posmaka i brzine rezanja. Hibridnom metodom su predviđene sile rezanja za postupak tokarenja (kosog rezanja). U ovoj metodi su korišteni rezultati dobiveni numeričkim modeliranjem te geometrijski i kinematički transformacijski modeli. S ciljem validacije predviđene sile rezanja hibridnom metodom, proveden je drugi dio eksperimentalnih istraživanja koji obuhvaća mjerenje sila u postupku tokarenja.Various laws related to the behaviour of materials, heat, friction, elastic and plastic deformations and deformation rates are applied when machining. The mechanism of the chip formation is quite complex, which leads to equally complex theories and models representing these theories. Experimental tests are time-consuming and expensive, therefore there is a need for numerical modelling of the process. In this thesis, the orthogonal cutting process of aluminium alloy EN AW 6082 T6 based on experimental data and results obtained with numerical models is analysed. Mathematical models were obtained by regression analysis of experimental data that describe the dependence of cutting forces and temperature on processing parameters. Optimal values of cutting speed and feed were obtained by applying a genetic algorithm based on set constraints and objective functions. The influence of input parameters and numerical settings on predictions of cutting forces and temperature in the cutting zone in numerical models of orthogonal cutting of EN AW 6082 T6 alloy using the coupled Euler-Lagrange formulation was considered. With the view of improving numerical models, different hardening laws and contact conditions between the tool and the workpiece were considered. Also, hardening laws have been developed. Different hardening laws were implemented in the finite element analysis program. The accuracy of the numerical models was tested for a wide range of feed and cutting speeds. The hybrid method was implemented to predict cutting forces for the turning process. In this procedure, the results obtained by numerical modelling and the geometric and kinematic transformation models were applied. In order to validate the predicted cutting force by the hybrid method, the second part of the experimental research was carried out, which includes the measurement of cutting forces in the turning process

Numerical modelling and optimisation of orthogonal cutting of aluminium alloy EN AW 6082 T6

Pri obradi odvajanjem čestica vrijede različite zakonitosti vezane uz ponašanje materijala, toplinu, trenje, elastične i plastične deformacije, brzine deformacija i sl. Mehanizam nastajanja odvojene čestice je prilično složen, što dovodi do jednako složenih teorija i modela koji predstavljaju te teorije. Eksperimentalna ispitivanja su dugotrajna i skupa zbog čega postoji potreba za numeričkim modeliranjem procesa. U radu je, na temelju eksperimentalnih podataka i rezultata dobivenih numeričkim modelima, analizirano ortogonalno rezanje aluminijeve legure EN AW 6082 T6. Regresijskom analizom eksperimentalnih podataka dobiveni su matematički modeli koji opisuju ovisnost sila rezanja i temperature o parametrima obrade. Optimalne vrijednosti brzine rezanja i posmaka dobivene su primjenom genetskog algoritma na temelju postavljenih ograničenja i funkcija cilja. Razmatran je utjecaj ulaznih parametara i numeričkih postavki na predviđanja sila rezanja i temperature u zoni rezanja u numeričkim modelima ortogonalnog rezanja aluminijeve legure EN AW 6082 T6 primjenom spregnute Euler-Lagrangeove formulacije. S ciljem unaprjeđenja numeričkih modela razmatrani su različiti zakoni očvršćivanja te uvjeti dodira između alata i obratka. Razvijeni su vlastiti zakoni očvršćivanja. Različiti zakoni očvršćivanja su implementirani u program za analizu metodom konačnih elemenata. Točnost numeričkih modela ispitana je za široki raspon posmaka i brzine rezanja. Hibridnom metodom su predviđene sile rezanja za postupak tokarenja (kosog rezanja). U ovoj metodi su korišteni rezultati dobiveni numeričkim modeliranjem te geometrijski i kinematički transformacijski modeli. S ciljem validacije predviđene sile rezanja hibridnom metodom, proveden je drugi dio eksperimentalnih istraživanja koji obuhvaća mjerenje sila u postupku tokarenja.Various laws related to the behaviour of materials, heat, friction, elastic and plastic deformations and deformation rates are applied when machining. The mechanism of the chip formation is quite complex, which leads to equally complex theories and models representing these theories. Experimental tests are time-consuming and expensive, therefore there is a need for numerical modelling of the process. In this thesis, the orthogonal cutting process of aluminium alloy EN AW 6082 T6 based on experimental data and results obtained with numerical models is analysed. Mathematical models were obtained by regression analysis of experimental data that describe the dependence of cutting forces and temperature on processing parameters. Optimal values of cutting speed and feed were obtained by applying a genetic algorithm based on set constraints and objective functions. The influence of input parameters and numerical settings on predictions of cutting forces and temperature in the cutting zone in numerical models of orthogonal cutting of EN AW 6082 T6 alloy using the coupled Euler-Lagrange formulation was considered. With the view of improving numerical models, different hardening laws and contact conditions between the tool and the workpiece were considered. Also, hardening laws have been developed. Different hardening laws were implemented in the finite element analysis program. The accuracy of the numerical models was tested for a wide range of feed and cutting speeds. The hybrid method was implemented to predict cutting forces for the turning process. In this procedure, the results obtained by numerical modelling and the geometric and kinematic transformation models were applied. In order to validate the predicted cutting force by the hybrid method, the second part of the experimental research was carried out, which includes the measurement of cutting forces in the turning process